Religious environmentalism refers to environmental movements and initiatives aimed at conservation, primarily propagated by religious institutions. Examples are the Green Islam movement in Indonesia and the publication of Laudato si by the Vatican.

Nominal GDP targeting is a policy framework within which a central bank adjusts its monetary policy measures to achieve specific nominal GDP growth targets. Broadly, the goal of NGDP targeting is a steady rate of growth in the nominal GDP. Nominal GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services produced within the country for a given period. On the other hand, inflation targeting refers to central banks setting an annual target for the inflation rate.

Entrepreneurial familism is a neo-modern concept in development theory that focuses on families as basic units of economic competition, innovation, and risk-taking. Characteristics include family-owned management and family nepotism.

Microschools are small educational institutions, typically with 10-15 students, that focus on personalized, flexible learning environments. They often emphasize project-based and student-led learning and are sometimes seen as a hybrid between homeschooling and traditional schools